Each colour starts at the value shown. Wind colours match across all three units. Dry cells stay neutral. Colours describe the displayed values, not official weather warnings.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 12.6 80 2 1 1B SW — — 1007 3027 Cloudy 66% cloud 15:00 12.5 77 3 2 1B SW 0.73 0 1006 3010 Overcast 94% cloud 18:00 11.9 81 5 3 1B W 2.4 0 1005 2995 Overcast 96% cloud 21:00 11 83 6 3 2B NW 5.5 0 1008 2841 Overcast 98% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 11.8 77 6 3 2B NW 1.1 0 1010 2824 Cloudy 70% cloud 03:00 13.3 55 7 4 2B W 0.48 0 1010 2775 Overcast 83% cloud 06:00 11.2 72 8 4 2B NW 3.0 0 1012 2590 Overcast 89% cloud 09:00 8.7 75 7 4 2B NW 1.8 0 1015 2403 Overcast 82% cloud 12:00 7.2 76 5 3 1B NW 1.00 0 1017 2065 Overcast 83% cloud 15:00 5.5 78 6 3 1B NW 1.5 0 1019 1713 Overcast 97% cloud 18:00 4 79 5 3 1B NW 2.6 0 1020 1474 Overcast 99% cloud 21:00 3.3 78 5 3 1B NW 1.7 0 1021 < 1385 Overcast 91% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 3.8 75 7 4 2B NW 2.7 0 1024 1437 Overcast 91% cloud 03:00 4.8 63 8 4 2B NW 2.1 0 1024 1574 Overcast 88% cloud 06:00 4.1 63 10 5 2B NW 1.6 0 1026 1475 Overcast 87% cloud 09:00 1.7 72 6 3 1B NW 1.1 0 1030 < 1385 Cloudy 78% cloud 12:00 0.6 72 5 3 1B NW 0.25 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 84% cloud 15:00 -0.6 69 6 3 1B NW 0.06 0 1033 < 1385 Cloudy 75% cloud 18:00 -0.4 72 5 3 1B NW 0.11 0 1034 < 1385 Overcast 93% cloud 21:00 -0.2 73 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1035 < 1385 Overcast 86% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 3.9 57 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1035 1646 Cloudy 62% cloud 03:00 7.5 45 4 2 1B N 0 0 1032 2648 Cloudy 73% cloud 06:00 6 60 5 3 1B N 0 0 1031 2306 Cloudy 58% cloud 09:00 1.4 77 1 1 1B NE 0 0 1032 < 1385 Overcast 96% cloud 12:00 2.2 72 2 1 1B S 0 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 86% cloud 15:00 3.6 67 2 1 1B S 0 0 1028 1437 Overcast 98% cloud 18:00 4.3 63 1 1 1B S 0.06 0 1026 1646 Overcast 96% cloud 21:00 4.8 64 2 1 1B S 0.13 0 1025 1758 Overcast 94% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 7.4 71 1 0 0B W 0.49 0 1024 2158 Overcast 97% cloud 03:00 9.6 64 2 1 1B SW 0.77 0 1021 2393 Cloudy 67% cloud 06:00 9.9 56 2 1 1B NW 0.05 0 1020 2321 Cloudy 60% cloud 09:00 6.6 75 2 1 1B W 0.34 0 1021 2001 Overcast 96% cloud 12:00 5.5 82 6 3 2B NW 3.7 0 1023 1762 Overcast 99% cloud 15:00 4.1 82 7 4 2B NW 3.2 0 1023 1492 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 1.9 80 7 4 2B NW 1.1 0 1025 < 1385 Overcast 90% cloud 21:00 0.8 79 5 3 1B NW 0.41 0.1 1026 < 1385 Overcast 97% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 2.2 69 6 3 2B N 0.46 0 1028 < 1385 Overcast 90% cloud 03:00 3.5 57 9 5 2B NW 0.24 0 1026 < 1385 Cloudy 61% cloud 06:00 2.7 63 6 3 2B N 0.05 0 1027 < 1385 Cloudy 52% cloud 09:00 -1.7 76 3 2 1B N 0 0 1028 < 1385 Cloudy 80% cloud 12:00 -4.2 73 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Cloudy 56% cloud 15:00 -3.8 69 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Partly cloudy 42% cloud 18:00 -3.3 71 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Partly cloudy 40% cloud 21:00 -3.6 67 1 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Clear 13% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 5.5 42 1 0 0B W 0 0 1028 1665 Clear 16% cloud 03:00 7 45 4 2 1B N 0 0 1027 1846 Cloudy 78% cloud 06:00 6.2 61 5 2 1B N 0.12 0 1028 1827 Cloudy 51% cloud 09:00 0.8 79 2 1 1B N 0 0 1030 < 1385 Cloudy 77% cloud 12:00 -0.4 77 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 84% cloud 18:00 -1 62 1 0 0B NW 0 0 1030 < 1385 Clear 11% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 8.6 37 2 1 1B S 0 0 1030 2660 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 11.9 43 1 1 1B E 0 0 1026 2933 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 4.6 54 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 2654 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 4.5 48 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1026 2515 Partly cloudy 47% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 11 37 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1025 2809 Clear 3% cloud 06:00 12.9 40 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1022 2586 Clear 11% cloud 12:00 6.4 75 2 1 1B W 0.24 0 1024 2107 Cloudy 72% cloud 18:00 5.7 80 4 2 1B NW 0.24 0 1026 1961 Overcast 84% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 7.1 75 4 2 1B NW 0.76 0 1029 2354 Cloudy 77% cloud 06:00 10.6 55 5 2 1B E 0 0 1026 3126 Cloudy 53% cloud 12:00 4.6 69 2 1 1B S 0 0 1026 3139 Cloudy 62% cloud 18:00 5.8 61 2 1 1B S 0 0 1025 3124 Overcast 99% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 10 54 2 1 1B S 0 0 1025 2922 Overcast 94% cloud 06:00 10.6 62 3 1 1B S 0.29 0 1021 2757 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 8.8 78 2 1 1B SW 5.0 0 1020 3054 Overcast 100% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: 36.7170511°N, 137.8586213°E · Requested elevation: 746 m. Model terrain: 1383 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
Outside the available profile, temperature uses an estimated 5.5°C/km height correction; wind retains the nearest available model-level value. Humidity is estimated with adjusted pressure and temperature.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.
Source: ECMWF · CC BY 4.0 · Processed by Snow Report.

Hakuba Iwatake is a downhill ski area in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Mapped terrain includes easy, intermediate, advanced routes. Its mapped lift network extends from approximately 746 to 1283 metres above sea level.
Data: OpenSkiData / OpenSkiMap, OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), Skimap.org, Who's On First, Mapterhorn.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 12.6 80 2 1 1B SW — — 1007 3027 Cloudy 66% cloud 15:00 12.5 77 3 2 1B SW 0.73 0 1006 3010 Overcast 94% cloud 18:00 11.9 81 5 3 1B W 2.4 0 1005 2995 Overcast 96% cloud 21:00 11 83 6 3 2B NW 5.5 0 1008 2841 Overcast 98% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 11.8 77 6 3 2B NW 1.1 0 1010 2824 Cloudy 70% cloud 03:00 13.3 55 7 4 2B W 0.48 0 1010 2775 Overcast 83% cloud 06:00 11.2 72 8 4 2B NW 3.0 0 1012 2590 Overcast 89% cloud 09:00 8.7 75 7 4 2B NW 1.8 0 1015 2403 Overcast 82% cloud 12:00 7.2 76 5 3 1B NW 1.00 0 1017 2065 Overcast 83% cloud 15:00 5.5 78 6 3 1B NW 1.5 0 1019 1713 Overcast 97% cloud 18:00 4 79 5 3 1B NW 2.6 0 1020 1474 Overcast 99% cloud 21:00 3.3 78 5 3 1B NW 1.7 0 1021 < 1385 Overcast 91% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 3.8 75 7 4 2B NW 2.7 0 1024 1437 Overcast 91% cloud 03:00 4.8 63 8 4 2B NW 2.1 0 1024 1574 Overcast 88% cloud 06:00 4.1 63 10 5 2B NW 1.6 0 1026 1475 Overcast 87% cloud 09:00 1.7 72 6 3 1B NW 1.1 0 1030 < 1385 Cloudy 78% cloud 12:00 0.6 72 5 3 1B NW 0.25 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 84% cloud 15:00 -0.6 69 6 3 1B NW 0.06 0 1033 < 1385 Cloudy 75% cloud 18:00 -0.4 72 5 3 1B NW 0.11 0 1034 < 1385 Overcast 93% cloud 21:00 -0.2 73 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1035 < 1385 Overcast 86% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 3.9 57 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1035 1646 Cloudy 62% cloud 03:00 7.5 45 4 2 1B N 0 0 1032 2648 Cloudy 73% cloud 06:00 6 60 5 3 1B N 0 0 1031 2306 Cloudy 58% cloud 09:00 1.4 77 1 1 1B NE 0 0 1032 < 1385 Overcast 96% cloud 12:00 2.2 72 2 1 1B S 0 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 86% cloud 15:00 3.6 67 2 1 1B S 0 0 1028 1437 Overcast 98% cloud 18:00 4.3 63 1 1 1B S 0.06 0 1026 1646 Overcast 96% cloud 21:00 4.8 64 2 1 1B S 0.13 0 1025 1758 Overcast 94% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 7.4 71 1 0 0B W 0.49 0 1024 2158 Overcast 97% cloud 03:00 9.6 64 2 1 1B SW 0.77 0 1021 2393 Cloudy 67% cloud 06:00 9.9 56 2 1 1B NW 0.05 0 1020 2321 Cloudy 60% cloud 09:00 6.6 75 2 1 1B W 0.34 0 1021 2001 Overcast 96% cloud 12:00 5.5 82 6 3 2B NW 3.7 0 1023 1762 Overcast 99% cloud 15:00 4.1 82 7 4 2B NW 3.2 0 1023 1492 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 1.9 80 7 4 2B NW 1.1 0 1025 < 1385 Overcast 90% cloud 21:00 0.8 79 5 3 1B NW 0.41 0.1 1026 < 1385 Overcast 97% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 2.2 69 6 3 2B N 0.46 0 1028 < 1385 Overcast 90% cloud 03:00 3.5 57 9 5 2B NW 0.24 0 1026 < 1385 Cloudy 61% cloud 06:00 2.7 63 6 3 2B N 0.05 0 1027 < 1385 Cloudy 52% cloud 09:00 -1.7 76 3 2 1B N 0 0 1028 < 1385 Cloudy 80% cloud 12:00 -4.2 73 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Cloudy 56% cloud 15:00 -3.8 69 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Partly cloudy 42% cloud 18:00 -3.3 71 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Partly cloudy 40% cloud 21:00 -3.6 67 1 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1385 Clear 13% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 5.5 42 1 0 0B W 0 0 1028 1665 Clear 16% cloud 03:00 7 45 4 2 1B N 0 0 1027 1846 Cloudy 78% cloud 06:00 6.2 61 5 2 1B N 0.12 0 1028 1827 Cloudy 51% cloud 09:00 0.8 79 2 1 1B N 0 0 1030 < 1385 Cloudy 77% cloud 12:00 -0.4 77 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1031 < 1385 Overcast 84% cloud 18:00 -1 62 1 0 0B NW 0 0 1030 < 1385 Clear 11% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 8.6 37 2 1 1B S 0 0 1030 2660 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 11.9 43 1 1 1B E 0 0 1026 2933 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 4.6 54 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 2654 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 4.5 48 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1026 2515 Partly cloudy 47% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 11 37 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1025 2809 Clear 3% cloud 06:00 12.9 40 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1022 2586 Clear 11% cloud 12:00 6.4 75 2 1 1B W 0.24 0 1024 2107 Cloudy 72% cloud 18:00 5.7 80 4 2 1B NW 0.24 0 1026 1961 Overcast 84% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 7.1 75 4 2 1B NW 0.76 0 1029 2354 Cloudy 77% cloud 06:00 10.6 55 5 2 1B E 0 0 1026 3126 Cloudy 53% cloud 12:00 4.6 69 2 1 1B S 0 0 1026 3139 Cloudy 62% cloud 18:00 5.8 61 2 1 1B S 0 0 1025 3124 Overcast 99% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 10 54 2 1 1B S 0 0 1025 2922 Overcast 94% cloud 06:00 10.6 62 3 1 1B S 0.29 0 1021 2757 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 8.8 78 2 1 1B SW 5.0 0 1020 3054 Overcast 100% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: 36.7170511°N, 137.8586213°E · Requested elevation: 746 m. Model terrain: 1383 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
Outside the available profile, temperature uses an estimated 5.5°C/km height correction; wind retains the nearest available model-level value. Humidity is estimated with adjusted pressure and temperature.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.
Source: ECMWF · CC BY 4.0 · Processed by Snow Report.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 9.6 91 2 1 1B SW — — 1007 3027 Cloudy 67% cloud 15:00 9.6 87 3 2 1B SW 0.79 0 1006 3010 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 9 91 5 3 1B W 2.7 0 1005 2995 Overcast 97% cloud 21:00 8.1 94 7 4 2B NW 6.2 0 1008 2831 Overcast 98% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 8.6 88 6 3 2B W 1.2 0 1010 2795 Cloudy 73% cloud 03:00 9.9 66 7 4 2B W 0.56 0 1010 2750 Overcast 86% cloud 06:00 7.8 84 8 4 2B NW 3.4 0 1012 2554 Overcast 92% cloud 09:00 5.5 87 7 4 2B NW 2.1 0 1015 2344 Overcast 85% cloud 12:00 4 88 5 3 1B NW 1.2 0 1017 2019 Overcast 86% cloud 15:00 2.3 90 6 3 2B NW 1.8 0 1019 1683 Overcast 98% cloud 18:00 0.9 91 5 3 1B NW 3.0 1.2 1020 1446 Overcast 99% cloud 21:00 0.2 90 6 3 1B NW 1.9 0.6 1021 < 1431 Overcast 92% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 0.6 87 8 4 2B NW 3.0 0.9 1024 < 1431 Overcast 92% cloud 03:00 1.3 75 8 4 2B NW 2.3 0 1025 1510 Overcast 90% cloud 06:00 0.6 75 9 5 2B NW 1.8 0.6 1026 < 1431 Overcast 90% cloud 09:00 -1.6 84 6 3 2B NW 1.3 0.4 1030 < 1431 Overcast 82% cloud 12:00 -2.6 84 5 3 1B NW 0.29 0.1 1032 < 1431 Overcast 86% cloud 15:00 -3.8 81 5 3 1B NW 0.07 0.1 1034 < 1431 Cloudy 78% cloud 18:00 -3.6 84 5 3 1B NW 0.11 0.1 1034 < 1431 Overcast 94% cloud 21:00 -3.4 84 4 2 1B W 0 0 1035 < 1431 Overcast 88% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 0.6 65 3 1 1B NW 0 0 1035 < 1431 Cloudy 59% cloud 03:00 4.3 51 4 2 1B N 0 0 1032 2603 Cloudy 75% cloud 06:00 2.8 70 5 3 1B N 0 0 1032 2229 Cloudy 57% cloud 09:00 -1.8 89 1 0 0B N 0 0 1032 < 1431 Overcast 97% cloud 12:00 -0.9 83 2 1 1B S 0 0 1031 < 1431 Overcast 87% cloud 15:00 0.6 76 2 1 1B S 0 0 1028 < 1431 Overcast 98% cloud 18:00 1.3 71 1 1 1B S 0.07 0 1026 1610 Overcast 96% cloud 21:00 1.9 72 2 1 1B S 0.13 0 1025 1733 Overcast 94% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 4.5 79 1 0 0B SW 0.46 0 1024 2157 Overcast 97% cloud 03:00 6.7 71 2 1 1B SW 0.81 0 1021 2387 Cloudy 66% cloud 06:00 6.6 65 2 1 1B W 0.04 0 1020 2294 Cloudy 60% cloud 09:00 3.4 86 3 1 1B W 0.39 0 1021 1965 Overcast 97% cloud 12:00 2.4 94 6 3 2B NW 4.1 0 1023 1742 Overcast 99% cloud 15:00 1 94 7 4 2B NW 3.4 1.4 1024 1469 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 -1.2 92 7 4 2B NW 1.2 0.4 1025 < 1431 Overcast 93% cloud 21:00 -2.2 91 5 3 1B NW 0.42 0.1 1026 < 1431 Overcast 98% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 -1 80 6 3 2B NW 0.46 0.1 1028 < 1431 Overcast 92% cloud 03:00 0.2 67 8 5 2B NW 0.23 0 1026 < 1431 Cloudy 61% cloud 06:00 -0.5 74 6 3 2B NW 0.04 0 1027 < 1431 Cloudy 50% cloud 09:00 -4.9 88 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1431 Overcast 83% cloud 12:00 -7.7 84 3 2 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1431 Cloudy 54% cloud 15:00 -7.2 80 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1431 Partly cloudy 37% cloud 18:00 -6.6 81 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1431 Partly cloudy 36% cloud 21:00 -6.9 77 1 1 1B NW 0 0 1028 < 1431 Clear 10% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 2.5 48 1 1 1B W 0 0 1028 1674 Clear 18% cloud 03:00 3.8 53 4 2 1B N 0 0 1027 1836 Overcast 82% cloud 06:00 3.2 70 4 2 1B N 0.14 0 1028 1815 Partly cloudy 50% cloud 09:00 -2.4 91 2 1 1B N 0 0 1030 < 1431 Overcast 82% cloud 12:00 -3.6 89 2 1 1B NW 0 0 1031 < 1431 Overcast 88% cloud 18:00 -4.1 70 0 0 0B NW 0 0 1030 < 1431 Clear 9% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 5.8 41 2 1 1B S 0 0 1029 2669 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 8.7 50 1 1 1B E 0 0 1026 2928 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 1.6 62 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 2489 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 1.5 53 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1026 2368 Partly cloudy 46% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 8 41 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1025 2803 Clear 3% cloud 06:00 9.6 47 3 1 1B NW 0 0 1023 2574 Clear 12% cloud 12:00 3.5 87 2 1 1B W 0.29 0 1024 2100 Cloudy 77% cloud 18:00 2.8 92 4 2 1B NW 0.29 0 1026 1945 Overcast 88% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 4 86 4 2 1B NW 0.81 0 1029 2322 Overcast 80% cloud 06:00 7.5 63 4 2 1B E 0 0 1026 3126 Cloudy 52% cloud 12:00 1.5 81 2 1 1B S 0 0 1026 3139 Cloudy 62% cloud 18:00 2.9 68 2 1 1B S 0 0 1024 3124 Overcast 99% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 7.3 60 2 1 1B S 0 0 1024 2914 Overcast 94% cloud 06:00 7.6 71 3 2 1B S 0.33 0 1021 2749 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 5.8 88 2 1 1B S 5.3 0 1020 3048 Overcast 100% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: 36.7292989°N, 137.8402053°E · Requested elevation: 1283 m. Model terrain: 1428 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
Outside the available profile, temperature uses an estimated 5.5°C/km height correction; wind retains the nearest available model-level value. Humidity is estimated with adjusted pressure and temperature.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.