Each colour starts at the value shown. Wind colours match across all three units. Dry cells stay neutral. Colours describe the displayed values, not official weather warnings.
Preparing forecast graphs…
Times and values match the detailed forecast. Tap or point at a value for details. Scroll each chart sideways for later days. Rain / precipitation is the total water equivalent per forecast interval, including snow; snowfall is fresh snow per interval, not snow depth.
GFS and ECMWF model comparison. Each model retains its own forecast times and horizon. Precipitation and snowfall amounts cover their own forecast intervals; these can differ between models.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 3.5 93 13 7 3B NW — — 1013 1967 Overcast 98% cloud 15:00 4.8 85 13 7 3B W 2.8 0 1013 2018 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 6.3 80 17 9 3B W 2.0 0 1012 2103 Overcast 87% cloud 21:00 4.4 80 13 7 3B W 1.6 0 1013 1905 Cloudy 78% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 1.3 90 6 3 2B W 0.63 0 1016 1487 Cloudy 58% cloud 03:00 -0.2 91 6 3 1B SW 0.32 0.1 1018 < 1389 Overcast 90% cloud 06:00 -0 92 6 3 2B SW 0.88 0.3 1020 < 1389 Overcast 98% cloud 09:00 -0 92 5 3 1B SW 2.8 0.8 1021 < 1389 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 2 87 6 3 2B SE 2.5 0 1024 1608 Overcast 97% cloud 15:00 5.7 70 10 6 2B SE 1.0 0 1025 2073 Overcast 91% cloud 18:00 8.1 55 8 4 2B SE 0.24 0 1025 2227 Partly cloudy 45% cloud 21:00 9.9 41 6 3 1B S 0.02 0 1025 2364 Partly cloudy 26% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 5 60 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1026 2558 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 2.6 73 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1028 2765 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 1.7 84 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 2864 Clear 15% cloud 09:00 1.7 79 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 3021 Clear 13% cloud 12:00 8.8 54 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 3155 Clear 10% cloud 15:00 15 36 0 0 0B N 0 0 1025 3162 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 17.9 33 3 1 1B NE 0 0 1023 3163 Clear 7% cloud 21:00 17.4 38 4 2 1B N 0 0 1022 3162 Clear 0% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 10.6 68 1 0 0B SE 0 0 1023 3166 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 9.3 63 1 1 1B SE 0 0 1023 3167 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 8.6 52 2 1 1B SE 0 0 1021 3151 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 8.3 47 3 1 1B E 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 14.7 41 4 2 1B NE 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 18.5 32 9 5 2B NE 0 0 1019 3143 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 20.6 31 8 4 2B NE 0 0 1017 3140 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 20.4 31 5 3 1B NE 0 0 1015 3137 Clear 2% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 14.4 51 1 0 0B S 0 0 1016 3138 Clear 1% cloud 03:00 12.5 47 3 1 1B E 0 0 1016 3134 Clear 1% cloud 06:00 11.5 46 2 1 1B E 0 0 1014 3117 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 10.6 45 3 1 1B E 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 17.2 40 3 2 1B E 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 20.8 30 7 4 2B NE 0 0 1012 3107 Cloudy 71% cloud 18:00 23.1 25 7 4 2B NW 0 0 1011 3108 Cloudy 64% cloud 21:00 21.2 31 13 7 3B W 0 0 1011 3105 Cloudy 60% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 12.7 60 6 3 1B W 0 0 1013 3110 Partly cloudy 28% cloud 03:00 10.2 64 6 3 2B W 0 0 1015 3118 Clear 2% cloud 06:00 8.4 65 7 4 2B W 0 0 1016 3110 Clear 6% cloud 09:00 7.3 64 6 3 2B W 0 0 1017 3114 Clear 15% cloud 12:00 12.6 48 7 4 2B W 0 0 1019 3128 Clear 10% cloud 15:00 18.5 29 10 5 2B W 0 0 1018 3134 Clear 18% cloud 18:00 20.1 23 12 7 3B W 0 0 1017 3136 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 18.4 30 12 7 2B W 0 0 1017 3133 Cloudy 61% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 10.8 55 4 2 1B W 0 0 1018 3135 Overcast 98% cloud 03:00 9.8 60 3 2 1B W 0 0 1019 3135 Cloudy 77% cloud 06:00 8.4 57 2 1 1B W 0 0 1016 3118 Overcast 96% cloud 09:00 9.3 43 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1015 3109 Overcast 99% cloud 12:00 14.1 39 1 1 1B N 0 0 1015 3108 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 20.9 22 17 9 3B NW 0 0 1012 3096 Partly cloudy 44% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 10.3 82 9 5 2B W 0 0 1014 3080 Clear 4% cloud 06:00 4.5 88 6 3 1B SW 0 0 1016 3063 Partly cloudy 32% cloud 12:00 8.2 68 4 2 1B W 0 0 1017 3064 Partly cloudy 25% cloud 18:00 17.9 34 11 6 2B W 0 0 1013 3082 Clear 0% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 9.9 63 3 2 1B SW 0 0 1015 3096 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 7.7 66 5 2 1B SE 0 0 1014 3086 Clear 7% cloud 12:00 12.9 46 13 7 3B NE 0 0 1015 3084 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 19.6 38 16 8 3B NE 0 0 1012 3088 Cloudy 70% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 11.8 79 5 3 1B NW 1.2 0 1014 3085 Clear 9% cloud 06:00 8.1 91 3 2 1B W 0 0 1015 3078 Partly cloudy 24% cloud 12:00 10.5 70 6 3 2B W 0 0 1018 3088 Cloudy 55% cloud 18:00 18 36 13 7 3B W 0 0 1014 3092 Partly cloudy 32% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 10.6 75 7 4 2B W 0 0 1016 3092 Overcast 99% cloud 06:00 8.4 83 4 2 1B W 0.24 0 1015 3074 Overcast 99% cloud 12:00 10.7 82 6 3 2B NW 0.05 0 1014 2951 Overcast 91% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: -40.1991558°N, -71.3194756°E · Requested elevation: 1259 m. Model terrain: 1386 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
Outside the available profile, temperature uses an estimated 5.5°C/km height correction; wind retains the nearest available model-level value. Humidity is estimated with adjusted pressure and temperature.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.
Chapelco Ski Resort is a downhill ski area in Neuquen, Argentina. Mapped terrain includes beginner, easy, intermediate, advanced routes. Its mapped lift network extends from approximately 1259 to 1971 metres above sea level.
Data: OpenSkiData / OpenSkiMap, OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), Skimap.org, Who's On First, Mapterhorn.
Preparing forecast graphs…
Times and values match the detailed forecast. Tap or point at a value for details. Scroll each chart sideways for later days. Rain / precipitation is the total water equivalent per forecast interval, including snow; snowfall is fresh snow per interval, not snow depth.
GFS and ECMWF model comparison. Each model retains its own forecast times and horizon. Precipitation and snowfall amounts cover their own forecast intervals; these can differ between models.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 3.5 93 13 7 3B NW — — 1013 1969 Overcast 98% cloud 15:00 4.8 85 13 7 3B W 2.8 0 1013 2020 Overcast 95% cloud 18:00 6.3 80 17 9 3B W 2.0 0 1012 2104 Overcast 87% cloud 21:00 4.4 79 13 7 3B W 1.6 0 1013 1907 Cloudy 77% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 1.3 90 6 3 2B W 0.63 0 1016 1488 Cloudy 58% cloud 03:00 -0.2 91 6 3 2B SW 0.32 0.1 1018 < 1388 Overcast 90% cloud 06:00 -0 92 6 3 2B SW 0.88 0.3 1020 < 1388 Overcast 98% cloud 09:00 -0 92 5 3 1B SW 2.8 0.8 1021 < 1388 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 2 87 6 3 2B SE 2.5 0 1024 1606 Overcast 97% cloud 15:00 5.6 71 10 6 2B SE 1.1 0 1025 2072 Overcast 91% cloud 18:00 8.1 55 8 4 2B SE 0.25 0 1025 2227 Partly cloudy 45% cloud 21:00 9.9 41 6 3 1B S 0.03 0 1025 2364 Partly cloudy 26% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 5 60 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1026 2558 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 2.6 73 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1028 2765 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 1.7 84 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 2865 Clear 14% cloud 09:00 1.7 79 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 3021 Clear 13% cloud 12:00 8.8 54 2 1 1B SW 0 0 1027 3155 Clear 10% cloud 15:00 15 36 0 0 0B N 0 0 1025 3162 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 17.9 33 3 1 1B NE 0 0 1023 3163 Clear 7% cloud 21:00 17.4 38 4 2 1B N 0 0 1022 3162 Clear 0% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 10.6 68 1 0 0B SE 0 0 1023 3166 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 9.3 62 1 1 1B SE 0 0 1023 3167 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 8.6 52 2 1 1B SE 0 0 1021 3151 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 8.3 47 2 1 1B E 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 14.7 41 4 2 1B NE 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 18.5 32 9 5 2B NE 0 0 1019 3143 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 20.6 31 8 4 2B NE 0 0 1017 3140 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 20.4 31 5 3 1B NE 0 0 1015 3137 Clear 2% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 14.3 51 1 0 0B S 0 0 1016 3138 Clear 1% cloud 03:00 12.5 47 3 1 1B E 0 0 1016 3134 Clear 1% cloud 06:00 11.6 46 2 1 1B E 0 0 1014 3117 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 10.7 45 3 1 1B E 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 17.2 40 3 2 1B E 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 20.7 30 7 4 2B NE 0 0 1012 3107 Cloudy 71% cloud 18:00 23.1 25 7 4 2B NW 0 0 1011 3108 Cloudy 64% cloud 21:00 21.2 31 13 7 3B W 0 0 1011 3105 Cloudy 60% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 12.7 60 6 3 2B W 0 0 1013 3110 Partly cloudy 28% cloud 03:00 10.2 64 6 3 2B W 0 0 1015 3118 Clear 2% cloud 06:00 8.4 66 7 4 2B W 0 0 1016 3110 Clear 6% cloud 09:00 7.3 64 6 3 2B W 0 0 1017 3114 Clear 15% cloud 12:00 12.6 48 7 4 2B W 0 0 1019 3128 Clear 10% cloud 15:00 18.5 29 10 5 2B W 0 0 1018 3134 Clear 19% cloud 18:00 20.1 23 12 7 3B W 0 0 1017 3136 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 18.4 30 12 7 2B W 0 0 1017 3133 Cloudy 61% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 10.8 55 4 2 1B W 0 0 1018 3135 Overcast 98% cloud 03:00 9.8 60 3 2 1B W 0 0 1019 3135 Cloudy 77% cloud 06:00 8.4 57 2 1 1B W 0 0 1016 3118 Overcast 96% cloud 09:00 9.3 43 1 1 1B SW 0 0 1015 3109 Overcast 99% cloud 12:00 14.1 39 1 1 1B N 0 0 1015 3108 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 20.9 22 17 9 3B NW 0 0 1012 3096 Partly cloudy 44% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 10.4 82 9 5 2B W 0 0 1014 3080 Clear 4% cloud 06:00 4.5 88 6 3 1B SW 0 0 1016 3063 Partly cloudy 32% cloud 12:00 8.2 68 4 2 1B W 0 0 1017 3064 Partly cloudy 25% cloud 18:00 17.9 34 11 6 2B W 0 0 1013 3082 Clear 0% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 9.9 63 3 2 1B SW 0 0 1015 3096 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 7.7 66 5 2 1B SE 0 0 1014 3086 Clear 7% cloud 12:00 12.9 46 13 7 3B E 0 0 1015 3084 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 19.6 38 16 8 3B NE 0 0 1012 3088 Cloudy 70% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 11.8 79 5 3 1B NW 1.2 0 1014 3085 Clear 9% cloud 06:00 8.1 91 3 2 1B W 0 0 1015 3078 Partly cloudy 23% cloud 12:00 10.5 70 6 3 2B W 0 0 1018 3088 Cloudy 55% cloud 18:00 18 36 13 7 3B W 0 0 1014 3092 Partly cloudy 32% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 10.6 75 7 4 2B W 0 0 1016 3092 Overcast 99% cloud 06:00 8.4 83 4 2 1B W 0.24 0 1015 3074 Overcast 99% cloud 12:00 10.7 82 6 3 2B NW 0.05 0 1014 2952 Overcast 90% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: -40.1976402°N, -71.3183016°E · Requested elevation: 1261 m. Model terrain: 1385 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
Outside the available profile, temperature uses an estimated 5.5°C/km height correction; wind retains the nearest available model-level value. Humidity is estimated with adjusted pressure and temperature.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.
Preparing forecast graphs…
Times and values match the detailed forecast. Tap or point at a value for details. Scroll each chart sideways for later days. Rain / precipitation is the total water equivalent per forecast interval, including snow; snowfall is fresh snow per interval, not snow depth.
GFS and ECMWF model comparison. Each model retains its own forecast times and horizon. Precipitation and snowfall amounts cover their own forecast intervals; these can differ between models.
ECMWF · Model run: Next update expected:
Day Time (UTC) Temp. (°C) Humidity (%) Wind (km/h) Wind (knots) Wind (Bft) Direction Precip. (mm) Snow (cm) Pressure (hPa) Freezing (m) Conditions | Thursday, 05/11 12:00 -0.1 93 37 20 5B W — — 1014 1947 Overcast 98% cloud 15:00 0.3 85 35 19 5B W 2.7 0.8 1013 2016 Overcast 97% cloud 18:00 1.1 83 35 19 5B W 1.9 0.6 1012 2110 Overcast 89% cloud 21:00 -0.5 83 28 15 4B W 1.6 0.5 1013 1902 Overcast 81% cloud Friday, 06/11 00:00 -3.1 88 16 8 3B W 0.53 0.5 1016 1488 Cloudy 55% cloud 03:00 -4.2 90 6 3 2B S 0.32 0.3 1018 < 1435 Overcast 93% cloud 06:00 -4.2 96 11 6 2B S 1.0 1 1020 < 1435 Overcast 98% cloud 09:00 -3.9 97 17 9 3B SE 3.0 3 1021 < 1435 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 -2.1 93 24 13 4B SE 2.8 0.8 1024 1615 Overcast 97% cloud 15:00 0.7 75 21 12 4B SE 0.99 0.3 1025 2066 Overcast 94% cloud 18:00 1.9 61 16 9 3B SE 0.18 0 1025 2229 Partly cloudy 42% cloud 21:00 3.6 46 11 6 2B S 0.01 0 1025 2363 Partly cloudy 23% cloud Saturday, 07/11 00:00 4.2 44 9 5 2B S 0 0 1026 2555 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 3.8 55 11 6 2B SW 0 0 1028 2761 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 4 58 12 7 3B SW 0 0 1027 2864 Clear 12% cloud 09:00 4.3 52 13 7 3B SW 0 0 1027 3021 Clear 10% cloud 12:00 5.2 41 12 6 2B S 0 0 1027 3155 Clear 8% cloud 15:00 8.1 38 7 4 2B S 0 0 1025 3162 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 10.4 39 4 2 1B SE 0 0 1023 3163 Clear 9% cloud 21:00 11.1 44 4 2 1B E 0 0 1022 3162 Clear 0% cloud Sunday, 08/11 00:00 10.3 49 7 4 2B E 0 0 1024 3166 Clear 0% cloud 03:00 10.5 44 6 3 2B E 0 0 1023 3167 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 10.4 34 8 4 2B SE 0 0 1021 3151 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 6.4 41 8 4 2B SE 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 10.7 39 7 4 2B E 0 0 1020 3144 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 13.2 33 9 5 2B E 0 0 1019 3144 Clear 0% cloud 18:00 14.8 32 6 3 2B NE 0 0 1017 3140 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 14.7 34 2 1 1B E 0 0 1016 3137 Clear 2% cloud Monday, 09/11 00:00 10.5 53 2 1 1B SE 0 0 1016 3138 Clear 1% cloud 03:00 9.5 46 5 3 1B E 0 0 1016 3134 Clear 1% cloud 06:00 9.1 40 5 3 1B E 0 0 1014 3117 Clear 0% cloud 09:00 8.5 38 6 3 2B NE 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 12:00 13.1 36 5 3 1B NE 0 0 1014 3112 Clear 0% cloud 15:00 15.3 30 6 3 2B N 0 0 1012 3107 Cloudy 70% cloud 18:00 16.7 28 12 7 3B NW 0 0 1011 3108 Cloudy 59% cloud 21:00 15.3 35 17 9 3B W 0 0 1011 3105 Cloudy 63% cloud Tuesday, 10/11 00:00 9.7 52 15 8 3B W 0 0 1013 3110 Partly cloudy 29% cloud 03:00 8.2 49 14 8 3B SW 0 0 1015 3117 Clear 2% cloud 06:00 6.9 50 15 8 3B W 0 0 1015 3110 Clear 3% cloud 09:00 6 47 15 8 3B W 0 0 1017 3113 Clear 10% cloud 12:00 9.6 39 15 8 3B W 0 0 1019 3128 Clear 9% cloud 15:00 13.4 28 17 9 3B W 0 0 1018 3134 Clear 18% cloud 18:00 14.5 22 18 10 3B W 0 0 1017 3136 Clear 0% cloud 21:00 13.4 27 20 11 3B W 0 0 1017 3133 Cloudy 62% cloud Wednesday, 11/11 00:00 8.5 42 14 8 3B W 0 0 1018 3135 Overcast 98% cloud 03:00 8 46 14 7 3B W 0 0 1019 3135 Cloudy 77% cloud 06:00 7 41 13 7 3B NW 0 0 1016 3118 Overcast 97% cloud 09:00 7.6 31 12 7 2B NW 0 0 1015 3109 Overcast 99% cloud 12:00 10.7 32 13 7 3B NW 0 0 1015 3108 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 14.5 24 29 16 5B NW 0 0 1012 3096 Partly cloudy 48% cloud Thursday, 12/11 00:00 7.7 64 33 18 5B NW 0 0 1014 3079 Clear 3% cloud 06:00 3.8 61 27 15 4B W 0 0 1016 3063 Partly cloudy 27% cloud 12:00 5.9 51 21 11 4B W 0 0 1017 3064 Partly cloudy 23% cloud 18:00 12.3 32 20 11 3B W 0 0 1013 3081 Clear 0% cloud Friday, 13/11 00:00 7.5 46 11 6 2B W 0 0 1015 3096 Clear 0% cloud 06:00 6.3 47 7 4 2B N 0 0 1014 3086 Clear 4% cloud 12:00 9.5 40 15 8 3B N 0 0 1015 3084 Overcast 99% cloud 18:00 13.4 43 18 10 3B N 0 0 1012 3088 Cloudy 69% cloud Saturday, 14/11 00:00 7.6 72 13 7 3B NW 1.2 0 1014 3085 Clear 9% cloud 06:00 5.3 75 15 8 3B NW 0 0 1015 3078 Partly cloudy 20% cloud 12:00 6.8 58 14 8 3B W 0 0 1018 3088 Cloudy 56% cloud 18:00 11.9 36 19 10 3B W 0 0 1015 3092 Partly cloudy 32% cloud Sunday, 15/11 00:00 7.6 60 20 11 4B W 0 0 1016 3092 Overcast 99% cloud 06:00 5.3 68 20 11 4B W 0.17 0 1015 3074 Overcast 100% cloud 12:00 6.2 74 25 14 4B NW 0.04 0 1014 2947 Overcast 94% cloud |
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Forecast table times: UTC.
Coordinates: -40.2218471°N, -71.3003747°E · Requested elevation: 1971 m. Model terrain: 1432 m. Terrain and 1000/925/850/700 hPa profiles are used for height estimates.
These are altitude estimates, not a simulation of local mountain terrain. Precipitation, cloud and sea-level pressure use horizontal interpolation only.
Precipitation includes rain and snow water equivalent: preceding 3 hours through day 6, then 6 hours (see cell tooltip). Snow (cm) estimates fresh snowfall from precipitation and temperature using the GFS conversion; it is not snow depth on the ground. Freezing (m) uses additional 600/500 hPa temperatures when available and estimates the lowest resolved 0°C crossing above sea level. When all sampled levels are warm, the upper profile limit is shown (see tooltip). < marks an entirely cold sampled profile and its lower height limit. No extrapolation is used.